Calculate the recommended AWG wire gauge based on current, distance, and material.
American Wire Gauge is a standard for wire sizes. Lower numbers mean thicker wire. Each decrease of 3 AWG doubles the cross-sectional area.
Copper has lower resistivity (better conductivity) but costs more. Aluminum requires larger gauge wire for the same current capacity.
Excessive voltage drop causes equipment to underperform, motors to overheat, and lights to dim. The NEC recommends ≤3% for branch circuits.