Calculate heat energy from mass, specific heat, and temperature change with entropy estimation.
Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 K. Water has a high value (4,186 J/kg·K) while metals like aluminum are lower (900 J/kg·K).
Entropy measures the disorder or dispersal of energy in a system. When heat is added, entropy increases. The entropy change equals heat energy divided by the temperature at which the transfer occurs.