Calculate pH, pOH, and determine acidity.
To calculate pH:
The calculator computes pH, pOH, hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻], and classifies the solution as acidic, neutral, or basic.
pH calculation formulas:
pH = −log₁₀[H⁺]pOH = 14 − pH[OH⁻] = 10^(−pOH)At 25 °C: pH + pOH = 14. A pH below 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, above 7 is basic (alkaline).
Example: [H⁺] = 0.001 mol/L (1 × 10⁻³ M).
−log₁₀(0.001) = 3.0 (acidic)14 − 3 = 11.010⁻¹¹ = 1 × 10⁻¹¹ mol/LpH measures how acidic or basic a solution is on a scale of 0 to 14. It's the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration. Lower pH = more acidic (lemon juice ~2), pH 7 = neutral (pure water), higher pH = more basic (bleach ~13).
Pure water naturally dissociates into equal concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions: 1 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L each at 25 °C. The negative log of 10⁻⁷ is 7, which defines the neutral point.