Calculate decibel level, power ratio, and neper from reference and measured power values.
Decibels use a logarithmic scale to compress large ratios into manageable numbers. A ratio of 1,000,000:1 is just 60 dB. This matches human perception — we sense sound and light intensity logarithmically.
The neper (Np) is an alternative logarithmic unit using natural logarithm instead of base-10. One neper ≈ 8.686 dB. It's common in European telecommunications standards and theoretical physics.